How to retrieve data by invoking an external controller function in Flowable JavaDelegate linked to Spring Boot

Your question is not entirely clear to me but it sounds like you want to create a Java Delegate that when it is executed as a task within your workflow, it will be able to pull in some data from a database?

If you want to create a Spring managed Java Delegate, you can follow the directions given here: Spring beans not injected into Flowable context - #12 by jwashington. The delegate can be injected with whatever Spring dependencies you need from within the Spring Boot app.